{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "capturedAt": "2026-09-14T11:41:53.504Z",
  "sha256": "071953a0ea8141f8216e75c8543014bf458f4e2702df077ef7ab72ab389e4684",
  "work": {
    "id": "TAP-CON-0004",
    "kind": "concept",
    "key": "allostatic-load",
    "locale": "zh",
    "path": "/zh/topics/allostatic-load/",
    "title": "适应负荷",
    "description": "Allostatic Load 描述反复或长期的适应过程可能伴随的累积生理成本。它连接了长期挑战与多个身体系统的变化。",
    "rights": "© The Allostasis Project。保留所有权利。除法律允许的例外外，转载或改编需另行授权。",
    "version": "0.2",
    "updatedAt": "2026-09-14",
    "editorial": {
      "contentType": "scientific-concept",
      "reviewState": "draft",
      "reviewedAt": null,
      "reviewedVersion": null,
      "updatedAt": "2026-09-14",
      "version": "0.2",
      "author": null,
      "reviewer": null,
      "revisions": [
        {
          "date": "2026-09-14",
          "version": "0.2",
          "description": "补充指标协调、死亡结局综合与中国纵向研究，并区分关联和干预收益。"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sections": [
      {
        "id": "introduction",
        "title": "概览",
        "paragraphs": [
          "反复适应，也可能留下成本。",
          "Allostatic Load 描述反复或长期的适应过程可能伴随的累积生理成本。它连接了长期挑战与多个身体系统的变化。",
          "它是研究概念，不能仅凭疲劳感或一项指标判断。"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "cost",
        "title": "反复适应可能带来的成本",
        "paragraphs": [
          "适应负荷框架将反复的要求与累积生理成本联系起来。压力介质既可能发挥保护作用，也可能带来损伤，需要结合其活动模式与情境理解。[1][2]"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "measurement",
        "title": "一个概念，多种测量",
        "paragraphs": [
          "一篇综述之综述记录了将适应负荷转化为测量指标时的差异。解释某项研究的指数，需要查看其指标组合、阈值和人群。[3]",
          "生物指标研究涉及神经内分泌、免疫、代谢和心血管系统。随后一项跨 13 个队列的分析比较了不同指标组合。这些研究帮助解释 AL 如何转化为测量，但仍需结合具体人群与方法理解所得指数。[4][5]"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "health-outcomes",
        "title": "从测量走向健康结局",
        "paragraphs": [
          "一项死亡结局荟萃分析发现较高 AL 与风险相关，但研究之间差异很大。中国 CHARLS 分析也在 45 岁及以上成年人中，将基线 AL 及其变化与后续心血管疾病和死亡联系起来。这些是健康关联，并未估计降低 AL 的干预会带来多少收益。[6][7]"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "boundaries",
        "title": "不能直接用于个人诊断",
        "paragraphs": [
          "本专题不会把疲劳感或单项检测结果换算成适应负荷。下方的深度文章进一步解释概念和测量边界。"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      {
        "id": "mcewen-1993",
        "title": "Stress and the individual. Mechanisms leading to disease",
        "authors": "Bruce S. McEwen · Eliot Stellar",
        "journal": "Archives of Internal Medicine",
        "year": "1993",
        "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8379800/",
        "doi": "10.1001/archinte.1993.00410180039004",
        "pmid": "8379800"
      },
      {
        "id": "mcewen-1998",
        "title": "Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators",
        "authors": "Bruce S. McEwen",
        "journal": "New England Journal of Medicine",
        "year": "1998",
        "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9428819/",
        "doi": "10.1056/NEJM199801153380307",
        "pmid": "9428819"
      },
      {
        "id": "measurement-review",
        "title": "Allostatic Load Measurement: A Systematic Review of Reviews, Database Inventory, and Considerations for Neighborhood Research",
        "authors": "Shawna Beese · Julie Postma · Janessa M. Graves",
        "journal": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health",
        "year": "2022",
        "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36554888/",
        "doi": "10.3390/ijerph192417006",
        "pmid": "36554888"
      },
      {
        "id": "juster-2010",
        "title": "Allostatic load biomarkers of chronic stress and impact on health and cognition",
        "authors": "Robert-Paul Juster · Bruce S. McEwen · Sonia J. Lupien",
        "journal": "Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews",
        "year": "2010",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.10.002",
        "doi": "10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.10.002",
        "pmid": "19822172"
      },
      {
        "id": "mccrory-2023",
        "title": "Towards a consensus definition of allostatic load: a multi-cohort, multi-system, multi-biomarker individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis",
        "authors": "Cathal McCrory · Sinead McLoughlin · Richard Layte · Cliona NiCheallaigh · Aisling M. O’Halloran · Henrique Barros · Lisa F. Berkman · Murielle Bochud · Eileen M. Crimmins · Meagan T. Farrell · Silvia Fraga · Emily Grundy · Michelle Kelly-Irving · Dusan Petrovic · Teresa Seeman · Silvia Stringhini · Peter Vollenveider · Rose Anne Kenny",
        "journal": "Psychoneuroendocrinology",
        "year": "2023",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106117",
        "doi": "10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106117",
        "pmid": "37100008"
      },
      {
        "id": "parker-2022",
        "title": "Allostatic Load and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis",
        "authors": "Haley W. Parker · Alyssa M. Abreu · Mary C. Sullivan · Maya K. Vadiveloo",
        "journal": "American Journal of Preventive Medicine",
        "year": "2022",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.003",
        "doi": "10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.003",
        "pmid": "35393143"
      },
      {
        "id": "li-2024",
        "title": "Impact of baseline and longitudinal allostatic load changes on incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: A 7-year population-based cohort study in China",
        "authors": "Yachao Li · Chu Chen · Ying Wen · Xiuli Wang · Ziqian Zeng · Hongying Shi · Xiaofang Chen · Ruichan Sun · Qingping Xue",
        "journal": "Journal of Affective Disorders",
        "year": "2024",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.124",
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.124",
        "pmid": "38548202"
      }
    ],
    "type": "CON"
  }
}