{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "capturedAt": "2026-09-14T11:41:53.505Z",
  "sha256": "b065cd84e40dc5f2c68fe57f134b3574c71db38f3479fc7e91c668119a0222e5",
  "work": {
    "id": "TAP-CON-0005",
    "kind": "concept",
    "key": "reserve",
    "locale": "zh",
    "path": "/zh/topics/reserve/",
    "title": "生理储备",
    "description": "生理储备通常指系统在平常需求之外可以调用的能力。不同器官与功能有各自的储备，不能将其视为一个统一的「身体电量」。",
    "rights": "© The Allostasis Project。保留所有权利。除法律允许的例外外，转载或改编需另行授权。",
    "version": "0.2",
    "updatedAt": "2026-09-14",
    "editorial": {
      "contentType": "scientific-concept",
      "reviewState": "draft",
      "reviewedAt": null,
      "reviewedVersion": null,
      "updatedAt": "2026-09-14",
      "version": "0.2",
      "author": null,
      "reviewer": null,
      "revisions": [
        {
          "date": "2026-09-14",
          "version": "0.2",
          "description": "补充储备评估与实际恢复的区别，并明确不同领域中储备术语的范围。"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sections": [
      {
        "id": "introduction",
        "title": "概览",
        "paragraphs": [
          "日常所需之外，还有多少余量？",
          "生理储备通常指系统在平常需求之外可以调用的能力。不同器官与功能有各自的储备，不能将其视为一个统一的「身体电量」。",
          "储备与复原力有关，但前者关注可调用的能力，后者还关注扰动后的表现。"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "capacity",
        "title": "日常需求之外的能力",
        "paragraphs": [
          "身体复原力研究将生理储备作为可能参与扰动响应的一种能力。储备是这一解释的一部分，并不等于已经观察到的恢复表现。[1]"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "distinction",
        "title": "能力与实际表现",
        "paragraphs": [
          "可以调用的能力与扰动之后实际发生的变化，是相互关联的问题。这个区别帮助理解为什么储备与复原力不能互换。[1]",
          "在老年医学中，储备测试可以帮助估计恢复潜力。围绕实际健康扰动重复观察，则回答另一问题：某项功能如何随时间变化。扰动本身也需要得到描述。[3]"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "reserve-domains",
        "title": "说明正在讨论哪一种能力",
        "paragraphs": [
          "认知老化研究区分认知储备、脑储备和脑维持。这些术语有助于领域内部的研究，但不能直接替代运动能力或全身生理储备的测量。[4]"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "boundaries",
        "title": "小心一个总电量的比喻",
        "paragraphs": [
          "本项目不计算全身统一的储备分数。有意义的解释需要说明系统、任务与测量，而不能仅由精力感受推断储备。"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "references": [
      {
        "id": "whitson-2016",
        "title": "Physical Resilience in Older Adults: Systematic Review and Development of an Emerging Construct",
        "authors": "Heather E. Whitson · Wei Duan-Porter · Kenneth E. Schmader · Miriam C. Morey · Harvey J. Cohen · Cathleen S. Colón-Emeric",
        "journal": "The Journals of Gerontology: Series A",
        "year": "2016",
        "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26718984/",
        "doi": "10.1093/gerona/glv202",
        "pmid": "26718984"
      },
      {
        "id": "mcewen-1998",
        "title": "Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators",
        "authors": "Bruce S. McEwen",
        "journal": "New England Journal of Medicine",
        "year": "1998",
        "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9428819/",
        "doi": "10.1056/NEJM199801153380307",
        "pmid": "9428819"
      },
      {
        "id": "gijzel-2019",
        "title": "Resilience in Clinical Care: Getting a Grip on the Recovery Potential of Older Adults",
        "authors": "Sanne M. W. Gijzel · Heather E. Whitson · Ingrid A. van de Leemput · Marten Scheffer · Dieneke van Asselt · Jerrald L. Rector · Marcel G. M. Olde Rikkert · René J. F. Melis",
        "journal": "Journal of the American Geriatrics Society",
        "year": "2019",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16149",
        "doi": "10.1111/jgs.16149",
        "pmid": "31498881"
      },
      {
        "id": "stern-2020",
        "title": "Whitepaper: Defining and investigating cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and brain maintenance",
        "authors": "Yaakov Stern · Eider M. Arenaza‐Urquijo · David Bartrés‐Faz · Sylvie Belleville · Marc Cantilon · Gael Chetelat · Michael Ewers · Nicolai Franzmeier · Gerd Kempermann · William S. Kremen · Ozioma Okonkwo · Nikolaos Scarmeas · Anja Soldan · Chinedu Udeh‐Momoh · Michael Valenzuela · Prashanthi Vemuri · Eero Vuoksimaa · and the Reserve, Resilience and Protective Factors PIA Empirical Definitions and Conceptual Frameworks Workgroup",
        "journal": "Alzheimer's & Dementia",
        "year": "2020",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.219",
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.219",
        "pmid": "30222945"
      }
    ],
    "type": "CON"
  }
}