{ "schemaVersion": 1, "capturedAt": "2026-09-16T14:58:43.433Z", "sha256": "be6602603e9cf7624e07c89b68c4ec9cee54836fdcc4830a36a877b51c289399", "work": { "kind": "article", "type": "MDL", "key": "human-adaptation-framework", "id": "TAP-MDL-0001", "locale": "zh", "path": "/zh/models/human-adaptation/", "title": "TAP 人体动态适应框架", "description": "连接要求、预测性调节与功能随时间的变化，理解储备、恢复及累积成本各自的位置。", "rights": "© The Allostasis Project。保留所有权利。除法律允许的例外外，转载或改编需另行授权。", "version": "0.3", "updatedAt": "2026-09-16", "editorial": { "contentType": "project-model", "reviewState": "draft", "reviewedAt": null, "reviewedVersion": null, "updatedAt": "2026-09-16", "version": "0.3", "author": null, "reviewer": null, "workflow": { "ai": { "usage": "used", "system": "OpenAI Codex (GPT-6)", "scope": "概念整合、来源对应与双语教育内容准备；不代表完成人工科学或方法学审阅。", "version": "0.3", "tasks": [ "Research assistance", "Drafting and bilingual editing", "Source-to-claim checks" ] } }, "revisions": [ { "date": "2026-09-16", "version": "0.2", "description": "明确储备是可能的影响因素，并指定主要图表的配套版本；模型方程保持不变。" }, { "date": "2026-09-16", "version": "0.3", "description": "增加明确的模型地位、主要理论来源，以及预测性调节与其他动态适应解释之间的区别；示意方程保持不变。" } ] }, "sections": [ { "id": "purpose", "title": "一个框架，三个问题", "paragraphs": [ "出现了什么要求？系统如何调节？功能随后如何变化？TAP 将这些问题组织成基于现有研究的教育框架，并明确列出假设和未来可以检验的问题。", "这是 The Allostasis Project 提出的概念框架，不是临床诊断、经验证的生物标志物或经过实证验证的预测模型。原创部分是这里的组织、表达和整合；基础科学概念仍归于各自的研究来源。", "预测性调节是解释 allostasis 的一条重要理论路线，并非整个领域已经统一接受的定义。TAP 将其作为理论起点。[1][7]" ] }, { "id": "framework-map", "title": "阅读概念之间的关系", "paragraphs": [ "图谱把预测和调整放在反馈循环内。当前状态和储备可能参与应对挑战，行为也可能改变环境。恢复与成本累积可以在不同时间尺度上并存。箭头组织本框架的解释，不代表已经证实的因果效应。" ], "illustration": "human-adaptation-map" }, { "id": "demands", "title": "1. 要求与情境", "paragraphs": [ "描述要求的类型、时点、持续时间、可预测性和周围条件。提前知道的任务与意外任务，可能工作量相近，但提前信息不同。这是拟议的比较方式，不意味着相同任务名称就代表相同暴露。", "关注预期需求来自预测性调节理论；明确系统与挑战，也是 NIH 复原力框架的核心。[1][4]" ] }, { "id": "regulation", "title": "2. 预测、生理与行为", "paragraphs": [ "Sterling 的解释提示我们纳入预期、协调调整与学习。[1] TAP 同时考虑可能改变暴露的行为。环境也不只是背景：较新的动态适应理论提议，明确讨论了生物体与环境之间的双向关系。[5]", "当前状态和特定领域的储备，可能参与这一过程。一项任务中测得的能力，不是全身电量，也不能保证面对另一种挑战时的复原力。[6]" ] }, { "id": "function", "title": "3. 功能随时间的变化", "paragraphs": [ "要求、调节反应和功能结果，是三种不同的观察。更大的生理响应可能支持任务表现，较小的信号也不自动代表功能更好。什么方向的变化有益，需要根据具体结局和情境判断。", "NIH 框架与身体复原力研究提示，应跟随特定系统的功能维持、下降与恢复。[4][6] 因此 TAP 要求说明参照条件和观察窗口，不把回到任意一条水平线当作唯一成功结果。" ] }, { "id": "timescales", "title": "下一次挑战面对的是变化后的系统", "paragraphs": [ "适应负荷理论关注累积成本，Reactive Scope 则考虑变化的响应范围。[2][3] 二者都不意味着所有要求都有害，也不证明某个变量恢复不完全就等于测得了适应负荷。", "TAP 将较长期的能力和成本，与某一次短时响应区分开。训练、疾病、可用资源和反复要求可能带来不同变化。任何关于变化方向、时间尺度或因果关系的主张，都需要具体情境中的证据。" ] }, { "id": "scenario", "title": "探索一次短时任务", "paragraphs": [ "想象一次在时间 30 开始、60 结束的短时骑行任务。在数学示意中，要求、调节活动和任务功能分别使用无单位尺度。准确的提前提示、意外开始、任务取消与活动持续，帮助我们看见不同假设。" ], "illustration": "adaptation-scenario" }, { "id": "assumptions", "title": "示意采用了哪些假设", "paragraphs": [ "任务期间，要求固定为 0.65；调节活动以指数形式趋近所需水平。提前提示使准备从时间 20 开始；在任务取消的情境中，实际任务不会发生，提示在时间 30 被撤回。这些时点和数值都是人为设置。", "任务功能被定义为：1 − 0.7 × max(0, 要求 − 响应) − 0.22 × max(0, 响应 − 要求)。这个人为构造的关系同时对不足和过量设置代价，不是从生理数据中估计的规律。换一种关系，提前准备的表面收益也可能改变。", "示意不估计疲劳、组织修复、学习、储备消耗或适应负荷指数。「活动持续」只改变响应的消退时间。它用于解释区别，不能确定哪种响应最健康，也不能预测个人恢复时间。" ] }, { "id": "observation", "title": "研究需要观察什么", "paragraphs": [ "采集数据前，明确人群、系统、挑战与结局。记录合适的参照期、暴露的时点和幅度，重复测量选定的响应与功能，并记录睡眠、用药、任务熟悉度等情境因素。不同结局可能需要不同采样安排。[4][6]", "以短时任务为例，外部记录的工作量、生理信号和独立测量的表现结局，应当保持区分。如果同一个信号既作预测指标，又定义成功，就可能形成循环论证。储备应使用有依据的能力测量，而不是从同一条曲线形状推算。" ] }, { "id": "research-questions", "title": "可以检验框架的问题", "paragraphs": [ "候选问题一：在任务要求可比时，准确的提前信息是否改变调节响应与功能之间的关系？设置错误提示的情境，可以检验预期要求没有发生时，提前准备是否产生代价。这里没有报告这样的实验。", "候选问题二：在工作量、基线功能和测得能力之外，既往响应轨迹能否对下一次挑战表现增加样本外预测信息？如果不能稳定优于这些更简单的预测因素，这项提议就会受到削弱。", "这些是 TAP 的研究提议，不是研究发现。招募参与者前，需要适当的研究方案、预先明确的分析、混杂因素处理、不确定性估计和伦理审查。观察性预测本身也不能识别恢复的因果机制。" ] }, { "id": "scope-and-attribution", "title": "来源、整合与适用范围", "paragraphs": [ "原始理论支持各自的定义和论证，不会共同自动验证整张图。TAP 提供的是三个部分的组织方式、对要求／响应／功能的明确区分，以及示意实现。这些才是这里记录和管理版本的作品。", "图谱编号为 TAP-FIG-0001 v2.1，框架编号为 TAP-MDL-0001 v0.3。科学审阅与方法学审阅分别记录在编辑信息中。编号或对 NIH 的引用，都不代表获得背书或已完成验证。" ] } ], "relations": [ { "type": "primary-figure", "id": "TAP-FIG-0001", "version": "2.1" } ], "recipe": "// TAP educational scenario v1.0. Dimensionless and deliberately not fitted to physiology.\n// A fixed-demand task separates external demand, a regulatory response and task function.\n// Changing these assumptions changes the result; no parameter estimates a person's health.\nexport const adaptationScenarioVersion = \"1.0\";\nexport const scenarioIds = [\"unexpected\", \"anticipated\", \"false-alarm\", \"persistent\"] as const;\nexport type ScenarioId = (typeof scenarioIds)[number];\nexport type ScenarioPoint = { time: number; demand: number; response: number; function: number };\nexport const scenarioDefaults: ScenarioId = \"unexpected\";\nexport function isScenarioId(value: string): value is ScenarioId {\n return scenarioIds.some((id) => id === value);\n}\nexport function adaptationScenario(id: ScenarioId): ScenarioPoint[] {\n if (!isScenarioId(id)) throw new Error(\"Unknown educational scenario\");\n let response = 0;\n return Array.from({ length: 101 }, (_, time) => {\n const demand = id !== \"false-alarm\" && time >= 30 && time < 60 ? 0.65 : 0;\n // Advance notice starts preparation at t=20. A cancelled task is recognized at t=30.\n const advance = (id === \"anticipated\" || id === \"false-alarm\") && time >= 20 && time < 30;\n const target = advance ? 0.65 : demand;\n const tau = target > response ? 4 : id === \"persistent\" ? 15 : 4;\n response += (target - response) * (1 - Math.exp(-1 / tau));\n // Explicit toy assumption: insufficient matching impairs task function; excess activation\n // also carries an immediate penalty. Neither term measures allostatic load or reserve.\n const shortfall = Math.max(0, demand - response);\n const excess = Math.max(0, response - demand);\n const taskFunction = 1 - 0.7 * shortfall - 0.22 * excess;\n return { time, demand, response, function: taskFunction };\n });\n}\nexport function scenarioPath(points: ScenarioPoint[], key: \"demand\" | \"response\" | \"function\") {\n return points.map((p, i) => `${i ? \"L\" : \"M\"}${(48 + p.time * 7.84).toFixed(2)},${(124 - p[key] * 84).toFixed(2)}`).join(\" \");\n}\n", "modelContext": { "status": "conceptual-synthesis", "validation": "not-empirically-validated", "influences": [ { "label": "预测性调节", "paperId": "sterling-2012" }, { "label": "适应负荷", "paperId": "mcewen-1993" }, { "label": "响应范围模型", "paperId": "romero-2009" }, { "label": "身体复原力", "paperId": "whitson-2016" }, { "label": "NIH 复原力研究框架", "paperId": "brown-2023" } ], "note": "预测性调节是解释 allostasis 的一条重要理论路线，并非整个领域已经统一接受的定义。TAP 将其作为理论起点。", "notePaperIds": [ "sterling-2012", "ramsay-2014" ] }, "references": [ { "id": "sterling-2012", "title": "Allostasis: a model of predictive regulation", "authors": "Peter Sterling", "journal": "Physiology & Behavior", "year": "2012", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21684297/", "doi": "10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.06.004", "pmid": "21684297" }, { "id": "mcewen-1993", "title": "Stress and the individual. Mechanisms leading to disease", "authors": "Bruce S. McEwen · Eliot Stellar", "journal": "Archives of Internal Medicine", "year": "1993", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8379800/", "doi": "10.1001/archinte.1993.00410180039004", "pmid": "8379800" }, { "id": "romero-2009", "title": "The Reactive Scope Model — A new model integrating homeostasis, allostasis, and stress", "authors": "L. Michael Romero · Molly J. Dickens · Nicole E. Cyr", "journal": "Hormones and Behavior", "year": "2009", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.12.009", "doi": "10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.12.009", "pmid": "19470371" }, { "id": "brown-2023", "title": "Conceptualizing a resilience research framework at The National Institutes of Health", "authors": "LaVerne Brown · Barbara Cohen · Rebecca Costello · Olga Brazhnik · Zorina Galis", "journal": "Stress and Health", "year": "2023", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.3260", "doi": "10.1002/smi.3260", "pmid": "37182211" }, { "id": "harrison-2025", "title": "Resilience phenotypes derived from an active inference account of allostasis", "authors": "Laura A. Harrison · Antonio J. Gracias · Karl J. Friston · J. Galen Buckwalter", "journal": "Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience", "year": "2025", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2025.1524722", "doi": "10.3389/fnbeh.2025.1524722", "pmid": "40416792" }, { "id": "whitson-2016", "title": "Physical Resilience in Older Adults: Systematic Review and Development of an Emerging Construct", "authors": "Heather E. Whitson · Wei Duan-Porter · Kenneth E. Schmader · Miriam C. Morey · Harvey J. Cohen · Cathleen S. Colón-Emeric", "journal": "The Journals of Gerontology: Series A", "year": "2016", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26718984/", "doi": "10.1093/gerona/glv202", "pmid": "26718984" }, { "id": "ramsay-2014", "title": "Clarifying the roles of homeostasis and allostasis in physiological regulation", "authors": "Ramsay DS · Woods SC", "journal": "Psychological review", "year": "2014", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035942", "doi": "10.1037/a0035942", "pmid": "24730599" } ], "claims": [] } }