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    "type": "RDN",
    "kind": "note",
    "key": "whitson-2016",
    "locale": "en",
    "path": "/research/whitson-2016/",
    "title": "TAP reading note: Physical Resilience in Older Adults: Systematic Review and Development of an Emerging Construct",
    "description": "The review frames physical resilience around resistance and recovery after a health stressor, distinguishing it from reserve available beforehand. Only 19 of 49 included papers explicitly defined the construct, and only one was an intervention study. Its main contribution is conceptual organisation and candidate measurement approaches.",
    "rights": "© The Allostasis Project. All rights reserved. Reproduction or adaptation requires separate permission, subject to applicable legal exceptions.",
    "version": "0.3",
    "updatedAt": "2026-10-29",
    "editorial": {
      "contentType": "evidence-review",
      "reviewState": "draft",
      "reviewedAt": null,
      "reviewedVersion": null,
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-29",
      "version": "0.3",
      "author": null,
      "reviewer": null,
      "workflow": {
        "ai": {
          "usage": "used",
          "system": "OpenAI Codex",
          "scope": "Assisted source comparison, evidence extraction and bilingual research-note preparation. The materials consulted and unresolved scientific issues are specified in each note.",
          "version": "0.3",
          "tasks": [
            "Source comparison and evidence extraction",
            "Bilingual research-note drafting and editorial comparison"
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        }
      },
      "revisions": [
        {
          "date": "2026-10-27",
          "version": "0.2",
          "description": "Reframed scope in terms of study design, population, outcomes and observation window."
        },
        {
          "date": "2026-10-29",
          "version": "0.3",
          "description": "Added search/inclusion details, the number of definitions and funding, distinguishing conceptual synthesis from validation."
        }
      ]
    },
    "original": {
      "id": "whitson-2016",
      "title": "Physical Resilience in Older Adults: Systematic Review and Development of an Emerging Construct",
      "authors": "Heather E. Whitson · Wei Duan-Porter · Kenneth E. Schmader · Miriam C. Morey · Harvey J. Cohen · Cathleen S. Colón-Emeric",
      "journal": "The Journals of Gerontology: Series A",
      "year": "2016",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26718984/",
      "doi": "10.1093/gerona/glv202",
      "pmid": "26718984"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "id": "whitson-2016",
        "title": "Physical Resilience in Older Adults: Systematic Review and Development of an Emerging Construct",
        "authors": "Heather E. Whitson · Wei Duan-Porter · Kenneth E. Schmader · Miriam C. Morey · Harvey J. Cohen · Cathleen S. Colón-Emeric",
        "journal": "The Journals of Gerontology: Series A",
        "year": "2016",
        "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26718984/",
        "doi": "10.1093/gerona/glv202",
        "pmid": "26718984"
      }
    ],
    "sections": [
      {
        "id": "finding",
        "title": "What the study found",
        "paragraphs": [
          "The review frames physical resilience around resistance and recovery after a health stressor, distinguishing it from reserve available beforehand. Only 19 of 49 included papers explicitly defined the construct, and only one was an intervention study. Its main contribution is conceptual organisation and candidate measurement approaches."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "limits",
        "title": "Scope & limitations",
        "paragraphs": [
          "English-language literature involving adults aged 65 or older: 49 papers from 1,078 abstracts, including 18 longitudinal, eight cross-sectional and 16 conceptual papers or letters, among other designs.",
          "Searching for resilience with age/language restrictions may miss work using terms such as recovery. Conceptual coding requires interpretation. There was no pooled effect or validation of a universal scale; frailty, reserve and observed recovery trajectories remain distinct."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "sample",
        "title": "Population & sample",
        "paragraphs": [
          "English-language literature involving adults aged 65 or older: 49 papers from 1,078 abstracts, including 18 longitudinal, eight cross-sectional and 16 conceptual papers or letters, among other designs."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "exposure",
        "title": "Exposure or intervention",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Framework analysis of definitions and measures, with two-person screening/extraction and discussion of disagreements."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "outcomes",
        "title": "Outcomes",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Definitions and candidate approaches involving reserve, frailty and recovery trajectories."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "duration",
        "title": "Time frame",
        "paragraphs": [
          "PubMed/EMBASE search through 15 January 2015; original follow-up periods varied."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "funding",
        "title": "Research funding",
        "paragraphs": [
          "P30AG028716; Whitson: R01AG043438, R24AG045050, NIRG-13-282202, I21 RX001721-01; Duan-Porter: VA OAA TPP 21–022; Colón-Emeric: R01 NR003178-11S1, W81XWH-12-2-0093."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "conflicts",
        "title": "Research conflicts of interest",
        "paragraphs": [
          "A separate competing-interest declaration was not identified in the consulted body text; this does not establish absence of interests."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "basis",
        "title": "Reading scope",
        "paragraphs": [
          "The Duke-hosted author text, pages 489–495, was read through. Appendix 1's individual records remain to be checked."
        ],
        "links": [
          {
            "label": "Full text in PubMed Central",
            "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5014191/"
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}