{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "capturedAt": "2026-09-14T11:41:53.503Z",
  "sha256": "47cdc2dbc577f49f6c3ab6f84a2dd563b7f55090abe044f9df2469fe20fffd99",
  "work": {
    "id": "TAP-RDN-0028",
    "kind": "note",
    "key": "stern-2020",
    "locale": "en",
    "path": "/research/stern-2020/",
    "title": "TAP reading note: Whitepaper: Defining and investigating cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and brain maintenance",
    "description": "This whitepaper distinguishes cognitive reserve, brain reserve and brain maintenance, giving researchers a shared vocabulary for different explanations of preserved cognitive function.",
    "rights": "© The Allostasis Project. All rights reserved. Reproduction or adaptation requires separate permission, subject to applicable legal exceptions.",
    "version": "0.1",
    "updatedAt": "2026-09-14",
    "editorial": {
      "contentType": "evidence-review",
      "reviewState": "draft",
      "reviewedAt": null,
      "reviewedVersion": null,
      "updatedAt": "2026-09-14",
      "version": "0.1",
      "author": null,
      "reviewer": null,
      "revisions": []
    },
    "original": {
      "id": "stern-2020",
      "title": "Whitepaper: Defining and investigating cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and brain maintenance",
      "authors": "Yaakov Stern · Eider M. Arenaza‐Urquijo · David Bartrés‐Faz · Sylvie Belleville · Marc Cantilon · Gael Chetelat · Michael Ewers · Nicolai Franzmeier · Gerd Kempermann · William S. Kremen · Ozioma Okonkwo · Nikolaos Scarmeas · Anja Soldan · Chinedu Udeh‐Momoh · Michael Valenzuela · Prashanthi Vemuri · Eero Vuoksimaa · and the Reserve, Resilience and Protective Factors PIA Empirical Definitions and Conceptual Frameworks Workgroup",
      "journal": "Alzheimer's & Dementia",
      "year": "2020",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.219",
      "doi": "10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.219",
      "pmid": "30222945"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "id": "stern-2020",
        "title": "Whitepaper: Defining and investigating cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and brain maintenance",
        "authors": "Yaakov Stern · Eider M. Arenaza‐Urquijo · David Bartrés‐Faz · Sylvie Belleville · Marc Cantilon · Gael Chetelat · Michael Ewers · Nicolai Franzmeier · Gerd Kempermann · William S. Kremen · Ozioma Okonkwo · Nikolaos Scarmeas · Anja Soldan · Chinedu Udeh‐Momoh · Michael Valenzuela · Prashanthi Vemuri · Eero Vuoksimaa · and the Reserve, Resilience and Protective Factors PIA Empirical Definitions and Conceptual Frameworks Workgroup",
        "journal": "Alzheimer's & Dementia",
        "year": "2020",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.219",
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.219",
        "pmid": "30222945"
      }
    ],
    "sections": [
      {
        "id": "finding",
        "title": "What the study found",
        "paragraphs": [
          "This whitepaper distinguishes cognitive reserve, brain reserve and brain maintenance, giving researchers a shared vocabulary for different explanations of preserved cognitive function."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "limits",
        "title": "Scope & limitations",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Expert workgroup definitions and research guidance in cognitive aging and dementia.",
          "These concepts belong to cognitive and brain research. They cannot be treated as interchangeable measures of whole-body physiological reserve, fitness or subjective energy."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "sample",
        "title": "Population & sample",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Expert workgroup definitions and research guidance in cognitive aging and dementia."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "exposure",
        "title": "Exposure or intervention",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Definitions and research measures for cognitive reserve, brain reserve and brain maintenance."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "outcomes",
        "title": "Outcomes",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Conceptual and measurement guidance for studying cognition in relation to aging and disease."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "duration",
        "title": "Time frame",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Journal volume published in 2020; first online in 2018. No single follow-up period."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "funding",
        "title": "Research funding",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Not yet checked against the full publication."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "conflicts",
        "title": "Research conflicts of interest",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Not yet checked against the full publication."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "basis",
        "title": "Reading scope",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Based on the original publication’s abstract and bibliographic record. This is a selected reading note, not a systematic appraisal."
        ]
      }
    ],
    "type": "RDN"
  }
}