{
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  "capturedAt": "2026-10-29T10:31:13.635Z",
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  "work": {
    "type": "RDN",
    "kind": "note",
    "key": "presby-2025",
    "id": "TAP-RDN-0056",
    "locale": "en",
    "path": "/research/presby-2025/",
    "title": "TAP reading note: Inter- and Intrapersonal Associations Between Physiology and Mental Health: A Longitudinal Study Using Wearables and Mental Health Surveys",
    "description": "This commercial-wearable cohort separates between-person, within-person and cross-lagged associations. Some physiological and mental-health measures were associated concurrently, but physiological predictors of subsequent mental health were not significant in the cross-lagged analyses. Some earlier stress measures predicted later physiology. Concurrent association is not a validated prediction tool.",
    "rights": "© The Allostasis Project. All rights reserved. Reproduction or adaptation requires separate permission, subject to applicable legal exceptions.",
    "version": "1.0",
    "updatedAt": "2026-10-29",
    "editorial": {
      "contentType": "evidence-review",
      "reviewState": "draft",
      "reviewedAt": null,
      "reviewedVersion": null,
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-29",
      "version": "1.0",
      "byline": "team",
      "author": null,
      "reviewer": null,
      "workflow": {
        "ai": {
          "usage": "used",
          "system": "OpenAI Codex",
          "scope": "Assisted source comparison, evidence extraction and bilingual research-note preparation. The materials consulted and unresolved scientific issues are specified in each note.",
          "version": "1.0",
          "tasks": [
            "Source comparison and evidence extraction",
            "Bilingual research-note drafting and editorial comparison"
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        }
      },
      "revisions": [
        {
          "date": "2026-10-29",
          "version": "1.0",
          "description": "Added the wearable mental-health study, distinguishing concurrent and cross-lagged findings and recording commercial relationships."
        }
      ]
    },
    "original": {
      "id": "presby-2025",
      "title": "Inter- and Intrapersonal Associations Between Physiology and Mental Health: A Longitudinal Study Using Wearables and Mental Health Surveys",
      "authors": "Presby D · Jasinski S · Capodilupo E · Holmes KE · von Hippel W · Grosicki GJ · Lee V",
      "journal": "Journal of Medical Internet Research",
      "year": "2025",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/64955",
      "doi": "10.2196/64955",
      "pmid": "40700646"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "id": "presby-2025",
        "title": "Inter- and Intrapersonal Associations Between Physiology and Mental Health: A Longitudinal Study Using Wearables and Mental Health Surveys",
        "authors": "Presby D · Jasinski S · Capodilupo E · Holmes KE · von Hippel W · Grosicki GJ · Lee V",
        "journal": "Journal of Medical Internet Research",
        "year": "2025",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/64955",
        "doi": "10.2196/64955",
        "pmid": "40700646"
      }
    ],
    "sections": [
      {
        "id": "finding",
        "title": "What the study found",
        "paragraphs": [
          "This commercial-wearable cohort separates between-person, within-person and cross-lagged associations. Some physiological and mental-health measures were associated concurrently, but physiological predictors of subsequent mental health were not significant in the cross-lagged analyses. Some earlier stress measures predicted later physiology. Concurrent association is not a validated prediction tool."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "limits",
        "title": "Scope & limitations",
        "paragraphs": [
          "181,574 WHOOP users and approximately 7.94 million wear-days; questionnaire samples varied, and heart-rate-zone activity analyses involved only about 3,196 users.",
          "Device purchase and continued use, recall-based questionnaires and unmeasured environmental or menstrual factors affect interpretation. Person-mean centring does not remove all time-varying confounding. External prospective prediction and calibration remain necessary."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "sample",
        "title": "Population & sample",
        "paragraphs": [
          "181,574 WHOOP users and approximately 7.94 million wear-days; questionnaire samples varied, and heart-rate-zone activity analyses involved only about 3,196 users."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "exposure",
        "title": "Exposure or intervention",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Physiology/behaviour aggregated over 14 or 28 days before surveys, requiring at least seven valid days; between-person, within-person and cross-lagged models."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "outcomes",
        "title": "Outcomes",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Mental-health surveys in relation to HRV, resting heart rate, sleep and activity, separating concurrent and subsequent outcomes."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "duration",
        "title": "Time frame",
        "paragraphs": [
          "13 months of data, with separately defined survey-history windows and cross-lagged intervals."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "funding",
        "title": "Research funding",
        "paragraphs": [
          "WHOOP provided salary or income support to all authors; use of the data requires company permission."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "conflicts",
        "title": "Research conflicts of interest",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Several authors were WHOOP employees, consultants or contractors. They report no additional company role in design, analysis or publication decisions."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "basis",
        "title": "Reading scope",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Full-text filtering/aggregation, sample flow, cross-lagged models, results and limitations. External validation and all interval sensitivity analyses have not been rechecked."
        ],
        "links": [
          {
            "label": "Full text in PubMed Central",
            "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12310073/"
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}