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    "kind": "note",
    "key": "miao-2024",
    "id": "TAP-RDN-0063",
    "locale": "en",
    "path": "/research/miao-2024/",
    "title": "TAP reading note: Brain clearance is reduced during sleep and anesthesia",
    "description": "This mouse study found similar diffusion coefficients across the tested states but estimated reduced tracer clearance during recovery sleep and the anaesthetic conditions studied. It highlights the need to distinguish diffusion, distribution and clearance and to compare the actual experimental methods.",
    "rights": "© The Allostasis Project. All rights reserved. Reproduction or adaptation requires separate permission, subject to applicable legal exceptions.",
    "version": "1.0",
    "updatedAt": "2026-10-29",
    "editorial": {
      "contentType": "evidence-review",
      "reviewState": "draft",
      "reviewedAt": null,
      "reviewedVersion": null,
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-29",
      "version": "1.0",
      "byline": "team",
      "author": null,
      "reviewer": null,
      "workflow": {
        "ai": {
          "usage": "used",
          "system": "OpenAI Codex",
          "scope": "Assisted source comparison, evidence extraction and bilingual research-note preparation. The materials consulted and unresolved scientific issues are specified in each note.",
          "version": "1.0",
          "tasks": [
            "Source comparison and evidence extraction",
            "Bilingual research-note drafting and editorial comparison"
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      },
      "revisions": [
        {
          "date": "2026-10-29",
          "version": "1.0",
          "description": "Added the 2024 mouse study with its Figure 3b correction, methodological differences and reproduction limits."
        }
      ]
    },
    "original": {
      "id": "miao-2024",
      "title": "Brain clearance is reduced during sleep and anesthesia",
      "authors": "Miao A · Luo T · Hsieh B · Edge CJ · Gridley M · Wong RTC · Constandinou TG · Wisden W · Franks NP",
      "journal": "Nature Neuroscience",
      "year": "2024",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-024-01638-y",
      "doi": "10.1038/s41593-024-01638-y",
      "pmid": "38741022"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "id": "miao-2024",
        "title": "Brain clearance is reduced during sleep and anesthesia",
        "authors": "Miao A · Luo T · Hsieh B · Edge CJ · Gridley M · Wong RTC · Constandinou TG · Wisden W · Franks NP",
        "journal": "Nature Neuroscience",
        "year": "2024",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-024-01638-y",
        "doi": "10.1038/s41593-024-01638-y",
        "pmid": "38741022"
      }
    ],
    "sections": [
      {
        "id": "finding",
        "title": "What the study found",
        "paragraphs": [
          "This mouse study found similar diffusion coefficients across the tested states but estimated reduced tracer clearance during recovery sleep and the anaesthetic conditions studied. It highlights the need to distinguish diffusion, distribution and clearance and to compare the actual experimental methods."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "limits",
        "title": "Scope & limitations",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Male C57/BL6 mice aged 3–7 months, with different subsamples for diffusion and clearance measurements.",
          "Sleep followed five hours of deprivation. Most procedures were unblinded, no advance sample-size calculation was performed, and exclusions included failed fits. Methods differ from Xie's 2013 study. A formal 2024 correction fixed the Figure 3b source-data column Mean Wake 3h. This note does not independently reproduce Figure 3b; data reuse requires the publisher's current corrected file."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "sample",
        "title": "Population & sample",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Male C57/BL6 mice aged 3–7 months, with different subsamples for diffusion and clearance measurements."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "exposure",
        "title": "Exposure or intervention",
        "paragraphs": [
          "FITC-dextran photobleaching for diffusion and intraparenchymal AF488 injection with fluorescence/model-based clearance; within-mouse wake/sleep order was randomized."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "outcomes",
        "title": "Outcomes",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Diffusion coefficients and model-estimated tracer clearance, dependent on distribution and distance assumptions."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "duration",
        "title": "Time frame",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Acute wake, post-deprivation recovery sleep and anaesthesia observations."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "funding",
        "title": "Research funding",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Wellcome 220759/Z/20/Z; UK Dementia Research Institute UK DRI-5004; EPSRC and MRC studentships; imaging-facility support from Wellcome 104931/Z/14/Z and BBSRC BB/L105129/1."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "conflicts",
        "title": "Research conflicts of interest",
        "paragraphs": [
          "The authors declare no competing interests."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "basis",
        "title": "Reading scope",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Full-text main results, animal/clearance/statistical/exclusion methods, captions and formal correction. Comparison of the local source data with the publisher's current corrected version remains incomplete."
        ],
        "links": [
          {
            "label": "Full text in PubMed Central",
            "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11156584/"
          },
          {
            "label": "Formal correction: Author Correction: Brain clearance is reduced during sleep and anesthesia",
            "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-024-01698-0"
          },
          {
            "label": "Compare the related original study and its methods",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1241224"
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}