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    "type": "RDN",
    "kind": "note",
    "key": "scheffer-2018",
    "id": "TAP-RDN-0064",
    "locale": "en",
    "path": "/research/scheffer-2018/",
    "title": "TAP reading note: Quantifying resilience of humans and other animals",
    "description": "The paper proposes studying resilience through dynamics: slower recovery may accompany changes in variance, temporal autocorrelation or correlations between subsystems. These are testable ideas, but simulations and findings cited from other papers are not new human clinical validation by this article.",
    "rights": "© The Allostasis Project. All rights reserved. Reproduction or adaptation requires separate permission, subject to applicable legal exceptions.",
    "version": "1.0",
    "updatedAt": "2026-10-29",
    "editorial": {
      "contentType": "evidence-review",
      "reviewState": "draft",
      "reviewedAt": null,
      "reviewedVersion": null,
      "updatedAt": "2026-10-29",
      "version": "1.0",
      "byline": "team",
      "author": null,
      "reviewer": null,
      "workflow": {
        "ai": {
          "usage": "used",
          "system": "OpenAI Codex",
          "scope": "Assisted source comparison, evidence extraction and bilingual research-note preparation. The materials consulted and unresolved scientific issues are specified in each note.",
          "version": "1.0",
          "tasks": [
            "Source comparison and evidence extraction",
            "Bilingual research-note drafting and editorial comparison"
          ]
        }
      },
      "revisions": [
        {
          "date": "2026-10-29",
          "version": "1.0",
          "description": "Added dynamic-resilience theory, its critical-slowing assumptions and limits of clinical validation."
        }
      ]
    },
    "original": {
      "id": "scheffer-2018",
      "title": "Quantifying resilience of humans and other animals",
      "authors": "Scheffer M · Bolhuis JE · Borsboom D · Buchman TG · Gijzel SMW · Goulson D · Kammenga JE · Kemp B · van de Leemput IA · Levin S · Martin CM · Melis RJF · van Nes EH · Romero LM · Olde Rikkert MGM",
      "journal": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences",
      "year": "2018",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1810630115",
      "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1810630115",
      "pmid": "30373844"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "id": "scheffer-2018",
        "title": "Quantifying resilience of humans and other animals",
        "authors": "Scheffer M · Bolhuis JE · Borsboom D · Buchman TG · Gijzel SMW · Goulson D · Kammenga JE · Kemp B · van de Leemput IA · Levin S · Martin CM · Melis RJF · van Nes EH · Romero LM · Olde Rikkert MGM",
        "journal": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences",
        "year": "2018",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1810630115",
        "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1810630115",
        "pmid": "30373844"
      }
    ],
    "sections": [
      {
        "id": "finding",
        "title": "What the study found",
        "paragraphs": [
          "The paper proposes studying resilience through dynamics: slower recovery may accompany changes in variance, temporal autocorrelation or correlations between subsystems. These are testable ideas, but simulations and findings cited from other papers are not new human clinical validation by this article."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "limits",
        "title": "Scope & limitations",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Human, animal and complex-system literature and models; no new unified patient cohort.",
          "Critical slowing depends on assumptions about near-equilibrium behaviour and perturbations and does not cover every cyclic, chaotic or abrupt transition. Noise, changing external disturbances and treatment can alter the same indicators. High autocorrelation alone does not establish declining resilience."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "sample",
        "title": "Population & sample",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Human, animal and complex-system literature and models; no new unified patient cohort."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "exposure",
        "title": "Exposure or intervention",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Theory and cross-domain comparisons of recovery rates, temporal autocorrelation, variance and cross-system correlations."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "outcomes",
        "title": "Outcomes",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Candidate interpretations and conditions for dynamic resilience indicators; no unified diagnostic-performance estimate."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "duration",
        "title": "Time frame",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Multiple sampling frequencies and recovery scales; the system and disturbance must first be specified."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "funding",
        "title": "Research funding",
        "paragraphs": [
          "No separate funding paragraph was found in the obtained body text; funding remains unverified."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "conflicts",
        "title": "Research conflicts of interest",
        "paragraphs": [
          "The authors declare no conflict of interest."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "basis",
        "title": "Reading scope",
        "paragraphs": [
          "The body sections and Figures 1–3 captions were read through. Supplementary Tables S1/S2 and cited prospective human studies remain to be examined."
        ],
        "links": [
          {
            "label": "Full text in PubMed Central",
            "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6255191/"
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}