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  "capturedAt": "2026-11-13T04:08:26.782Z",
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    "kind": "note",
    "key": "laborde-2022",
    "id": "TAP-RDN-0077",
    "locale": "en",
    "path": "/research/laborde-2022/",
    "title": "TAP reading note: Effects of voluntary slow breathing on heart rate and heart rate variability: A systematic review and a meta-analysis",
    "description": "RMSSD increased during breathing practice, immediately after a session and after repeated sessions. The measurement time matters; an increase during practice does not establish lasting recovery.",
    "rights": "© The Allostasis Project. All rights reserved. Reproduction or adaptation requires separate permission, subject to applicable legal exceptions.",
    "version": "1.0",
    "updatedAt": "2026-11-13",
    "editorial": {
      "contentType": "evidence-review",
      "reviewState": "draft",
      "reviewedAt": null,
      "reviewedVersion": null,
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-13",
      "version": "1.0",
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      "reviewer": null,
      "workflow": {
        "ai": {
          "usage": "used",
          "system": "OpenAI Codex",
          "scope": "Assisted source-based writing and bilingual comparison; consulted materials and unresolved source issues are recorded in the reading notes.",
          "version": "1.0",
          "tasks": [
            "Literature comparison and evidence extraction",
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    "original": {
      "id": "laborde-2022",
      "title": "Effects of voluntary slow breathing on heart rate and heart rate variability: A systematic review and a meta-analysis",
      "authors": "Sylvain Laborde et al.",
      "journal": "Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews",
      "year": "2022",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104711",
      "doi": "10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104711",
      "pmid": "35623448"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "id": "laborde-2022",
        "title": "Effects of voluntary slow breathing on heart rate and heart rate variability: A systematic review and a meta-analysis",
        "authors": "Sylvain Laborde et al.",
        "journal": "Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews",
        "year": "2022",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104711",
        "doi": "10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104711",
        "pmid": "35623448"
      }
    ],
    "sections": [
      {
        "id": "finding",
        "title": "What the study found",
        "paragraphs": [
          "RMSSD increased during breathing practice, immediately after a session and after repeated sessions. The measurement time matters; an increase during practice does not establish lasting recovery."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "limits",
        "title": "Scope & limitations",
        "paragraphs": [
          "223 studies; timing categories overlap and are not independent study totals.",
          "Most studies had high risk of bias; heterogeneity and incomplete reporting constrain interpretation. This is not a head-to-head ranking of breathing methods."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "sample",
        "title": "Population & sample",
        "paragraphs": [
          "223 studies; timing categories overlap and are not independent study totals."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "exposure",
        "title": "Exposure or intervention",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Voluntary breathing below ten cycles/minute versus a faster-breathing control condition."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "outcomes",
        "title": "Outcomes",
        "paragraphs": [
          "HRV and heart rate, separated by measurement time."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "duration",
        "title": "Time frame",
        "paragraphs": [
          "During, immediately after one session and after a multisession intervention."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "funding",
        "title": "Research funding",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Authors reported no funding source."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "conflicts",
        "title": "Research conflicts of interest",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Authors declared no conflicts of interest."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "basis",
        "title": "Reading scope",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Solent-hosted accepted manuscript: methods, main results, risk of bias and declarations. Supplementary analyses were not reproduced."
        ],
        "links": [
          {
            "label": "Accepted manuscript at Solent University",
            "url": "https://pure.solent.ac.uk/ws/files/32824597/NEUBIOREV_D_22_00302_R1.pdf"
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}