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    "key": "zhang-2026-protein",
    "id": "TAP-RDN-0085",
    "locale": "en",
    "path": "/research/zhang-2026-protein/",
    "title": "TAP reading note: Protein supplementation and resistance training-induced strength gains in young adults: a meta-analysis",
    "description": "Protein supplementation added a pooled 2.63 kg to bench-press gains (95% CI 0.77–4.49) and 7.40 kg to squat gains (2.15–12.66). Timing findings arose from comparisons across studies, not a randomized test of an optimal schedule.",
    "rights": "© The Allostasis Project. All rights reserved. Reproduction or adaptation requires separate permission, subject to applicable legal exceptions.",
    "version": "1.0",
    "updatedAt": "2026-11-13",
    "editorial": {
      "contentType": "evidence-review",
      "reviewState": "draft",
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      "updatedAt": "2026-11-13",
      "version": "1.0",
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    "original": {
      "id": "zhang-2026-protein",
      "title": "Protein supplementation and resistance training-induced strength gains in young adults: a meta-analysis",
      "authors": "Chenkun Zhang; Yahai Wang; Wenying Huang",
      "journal": "Frontiers in Nutrition",
      "year": "2026",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1946052",
      "doi": "10.3389/fnut.2026.1946052",
      "pmid": "42947921"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "id": "zhang-2026-protein",
        "title": "Protein supplementation and resistance training-induced strength gains in young adults: a meta-analysis",
        "authors": "Chenkun Zhang; Yahai Wang; Wenying Huang",
        "journal": "Frontiers in Nutrition",
        "year": "2026",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1946052",
        "doi": "10.3389/fnut.2026.1946052",
        "pmid": "42947921"
      }
    ],
    "sections": [
      {
        "id": "finding",
        "title": "What the study found",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Protein supplementation added a pooled 2.63 kg to bench-press gains (95% CI 0.77–4.49) and 7.40 kg to squat gains (2.15–12.66). Timing findings arose from comparisons across studies, not a randomized test of an optimal schedule."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "limits",
        "title": "Scope & limitations",
        "paragraphs": [
          "23 randomized trials with 611 healthy adults younger than 45; most participants were men.",
          "Heterogeneity was very high: I² 92.8% for bench press and 93.9% for squat. Baseline dietary intake was often not standardized or reported. Timing meta-regression was not conventionally significant (p=.073); shared controls and small subgroups limit precision. Authors’ GRADE labels do not remove these limitations or prove timing causality."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "sample",
        "title": "Population & sample",
        "paragraphs": [
          "23 randomized trials with 611 healthy adults younger than 45; most participants were men."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "exposure",
        "title": "Exposure or intervention",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Protein supplementation plus resistance training versus training alone or with placebo; timing, protein source and dose varied."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "outcomes",
        "title": "Outcomes",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Changes in bench-press and squat strength; not a direct comparison of recovery speed or equal-total meal schedules."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "duration",
        "title": "Time frame",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Interventions 6–36 weeks; search through 1 April 2026; published 13 October 2026."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "funding",
        "title": "Research funding",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation of Jiangxi Province’s universities, TY25202; Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of Nanchang Normal College of Applied Technology, NYSRW2401."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "conflicts",
        "title": "Research conflicts of interest",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Authors declared no commercial or financial relationships that could constitute a conflict."
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "basis",
        "title": "Reading scope",
        "paragraphs": [
          "PMC full text: eligibility, pooled and sensitivity results, meta-regression, GRADE discussion, limitations and declarations. No independent reanalysis of the underlying trials."
        ],
        "links": [
          {
            "label": "Full text in PubMed Central",
            "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13710401/"
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}